{"id":3786,"date":"2026-07-28T16:52:16","date_gmt":"2026-07-28T11:22:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sthaniksamachar.com\/?p=3786"},"modified":"2026-07-28T16:52:39","modified_gmt":"2026-07-28T11:22:39","slug":"indian-constitution-article-12-marathi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sthaniksamachar.com\/?p=3786","title":{"rendered":"\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f\u0918\u091f\u0928\u093e : \u0905\u0928\u0941\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0947\u0926 \u0967\u0968 \u092e\u0927\u0942\u0928 \u091c\u093e\u0923\u0942\u0928 \u0918\u094d\u092f\u093e &#8216;\u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f&#8217;\u091a\u0940 \u0918\u091f\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0906\u0923\u093f \u092e\u0942\u0932\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0902\u091a\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f 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\u0936\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0924.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u092f\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d\u093e\u0924 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u094b\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0947\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0923\u092f \u0926\u093f\u0932\u0947 \u0906\u0939\u0947\u0924. <strong>Rajasthan Electricity Board v. Mohan Lal (1967)<\/strong> \u092f\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u092e\u091a \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0902\u0921\u0933\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0939\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0947\u0926 \u0967\u0968 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0924 &#8220;\u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f&#8221; \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0923\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924 \u0906\u0932\u0947. \u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928\u0902\u0924\u0930 <strong>Ajay Hasia v. Khalid Mujib Sehravardi (1981)<\/strong> \u092f\u093e \u0910\u0924\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0924 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u094b\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u090f\u0916\u093e\u0926\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e &#8220;\u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f&#8221; \u0906\u0939\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u093e\u0939\u0940 \u0939\u0947 \u0920\u0930\u0935\u093f\u0923\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938\u093e\u0920\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u0939\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u0937 \u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0947\u0932\u0947. \u092f\u093e\u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u0947 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0932\u0915\u0940, \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093e\u0938\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923, \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0906\u0923\u093f \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928\u093e\u0936\u0940 \u0905\u0938\u0932\u0947\u0932\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u091f\u091a\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u092f\u093e\u0902\u091a\u093e \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0923\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924 \u092f\u0947\u0924\u094b.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0947\u0926 \u0967\u0968 \u091a\u0947 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0902\u0924 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0906\u0939\u0947. <strong>\u092d\u093e\u0917 III \u092e\u0927\u0940\u0932 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0902\u091a\u0940 \u0905\u0902\u092e\u0932\u092c\u091c\u093e\u0935\u0923\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928\u0947 &#8220;\u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f&#8221; 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\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0932\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u094b.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u0906\u091c\u091a\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0933\u093e\u0924 \u0905\u0928\u0947\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0924\u0940\u0932 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e, \u0935\u0948\u0927\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0902\u0921\u0933\u0947, \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u092e\u0902\u0921\u0933\u0947, \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0940\u0920\u0947, \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0906\u0923\u093f \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930\u091a\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0916\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0931\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0902\u091a\u0940 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\u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930\u091a\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u092f\u093e\u0902\u091a\u093e \u0938\u0916\u094b\u0932 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0942\u0928 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0923\u092f \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0947. \u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092e\u0941\u0933\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0947\u0926 \u0967\u0968 \u0939\u093e \u0938\u0924\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924 \u0905\u0938\u0932\u0947\u0932\u093e \u0918\u091f\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0932\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u094b.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0902\u091a\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u0940\u0928\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0947\u0926 \u0967\u0968 \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0902\u0924 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0935\u093e\u091a\u093e \u0906\u0939\u0947. <strong>UPSC, MPSC, NET, SET \u0924\u0938\u0947\u091a \u0915\u093e\u092f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u091a\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0905\u092d\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0902\u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u0947<\/strong> \u0905\u0928\u0941\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0947\u0926 \u0967\u0968, &#8220;State&#8221; \u091a\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e, &#8220;Other Authorities&#8221;, \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u094b\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u093e\u091a\u0947 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0923\u092f \u0906\u0923\u093f \u092e\u0942\u0932\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0902\u091a\u0940 \u0905\u0902\u092e\u0932\u092c\u091c\u093e\u0935\u0923\u0940 \u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u093f\u0924\u092a\u0923\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930\u0932\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0924. \u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092e\u0941\u0933\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0928\u093e\u091a\u093e \u0905\u092d\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0931\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0947\u0926 \u0967\u0968 \u092e\u0927\u0940\u0932 \u0924\u0930\u0924\u0941\u0926\u0940 \u0906\u0923\u093f \u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0940\u0932 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u0940\u0928 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0938\u0916\u094b\u0932\u092a\u0923\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u091c\u0942\u0928 \u0918\u0947\u0923\u0947 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0906\u0939\u0947.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u090f\u0915\u0902\u0926\u0930\u0940\u0924, <strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f\u0918\u091f\u0928\u0947\u0924\u0940\u0932 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0947\u0926 \u0967\u0968 \u0939\u093e \u092d\u093e\u0917 III \u092e\u0927\u0940\u0932 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0902\u091a\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0940 \u0905\u0902\u092e\u0932\u092c\u091c\u093e\u0935\u0923\u0940\u091a\u093e \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0902\u092d \u0906\u0939\u0947.<\/strong> &#8220;\u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f&#8221; \u092f\u093e \u0938\u0902\u091c\u094d\u091e\u0947\u091a\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0942\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0928\u093e\u0917\u0930\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0902\u0928\u093e \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0906\u0923\u093f \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0902\u091a\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0928\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0940\u0935\u093f\u0930\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u0940\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u0930\u0942\u0928 \u0926\u093f\u0932\u0947 \u0906\u0939\u0947. \u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092e\u0941\u0933\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0932\u094b\u0915\u0936\u093e\u0939\u0940\u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u092f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u091a\u0947 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f, \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0926\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935, \u092a\u093e\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0906\u0923\u093f \u0928\u093e\u0917\u0930\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0902\u091a\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0942\u0932\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0902\u091a\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0923\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0947\u0926 \u0967\u0968 \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0902\u0924 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0935\u093e\u091a\u0940 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e \u092c\u091c\u093e\u0935\u0924\u094b.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f\u0918\u091f\u0928\u093e \u092d\u093e\u0917 \u0969 \u092e\u0927\u0940\u0932 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0947\u0926 \u0967\u0968 \u092e\u094d\u0939\u0923\u091c\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u092f? \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f\u093e\u091a\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e, \u092e\u0942\u0932\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0902\u091a\u0940 \u0905\u0902\u092e\u0932\u092c\u091c\u093e\u0935\u0923\u0940 \u0906\u0923\u093f \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u094b\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u093e\u091a\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0923\u092f\u093e\u0902\u091a\u0940 \u0938\u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924\u0940. \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f\u0918\u091f\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 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